Summary Keywords astaxanthin, cellular pathways, learning, neurodegenerative aging, neuroprotection Citation Guo F and Chi J (2026) Astaxanthin as a neuroprotective modulator of synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory: mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives in neurodegenerative aging
Furthermore, glutamine-derived fumarate, malate, and citrate are significantly increased when glucose is deprived, demonstrating that glutamine drives the glucose-independent TCA cycle in a nutrient-poor tumor microenvironment (Le et al., 2012)
Another exciting trend is that osteoimmunologythe recently discovered crosstalk between gut microbiome and the immune system has a highly reciprocal character, as both sides of the crosstalk have been proven to be highly active
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