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It plays a crucial role in detoxifying harmful free radicals, strengthening immunity, and supporting overall skin health
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In vitro and animal studies have found that lipoic acid exhibits immunomodulatory properties through mechanisms that stimulate the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) (90, 91) a central regulator of innate immune functions and inhibits the migration of immune cells into the brain and spinal cord (92), possibly by decreasing endothelial expression of cell adhesion molecules, inhibiting expression of enzymes like matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and/or reducing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (87, 89, 93, 94)
As emerging platforms such as SERS-based sensors, electrochemical nanomaterial arrays, and MALDI mass spectrometry imaging continue to mature, researchers will gain even greater precision in mapping intracellular glutathione dynamics across complex biological systems
